Mixing tank digital twin
Case study · Small molecule

Hybrid digital twins for
solvent swap distilation optimization

A global pharmaceutical manufacturer used a hybrid digital twin to optimize its small molecule solvent swap SOP, cutting batch cycle time and total cost by 44%.

Results at a glance
-44%batch cycle time
-47% material consumption
-44%total process costs
01 · Problem

In process development, every new solvent swap SOP is still found by trial runs and slow lab assays.

Solvent swap process development runs on trial and error experimentation.

Solvent swap distillation replaces one solvent with another while keeping product quality stable. Developing a standard operating procedure (SOP) means balancing temperature, pressure, and dosing, which is traditionally achieved through many costly and time consuming lab trials.

Solvent swap distillation

Long Cycle Times

Slow batches delay scale-up and raise production cost.

Limited Visibility

Distillate concentration is only known after offline assays, not during the run.

Slow Development Cycles

Each SOP change needs a new lab run, so finding a better protocol takes weeks.

02 · Objective

Determine the optimal SOP for their solvent swap process.

Can a hybrid digital twin find a faster, more efficient SOP?

01

Evaluate various operating strategies

Test new SOPs virtually before changing anything on the plant.

02

Maintain yield

Model vessel temperature, energy use, and distillate and maintain yield while testing SOPs.

03

Process optimization

Determine the best SOP for reduced energy use, raw material consumption, and overall process costs.

03 · Data foundation

Historian, ELN, and LIMS records in one dataset.

Batch history and equipment specs were ingested and cleaned for modeling

Historical batch data and engineering documents were combined into one modeling framework, organized into three categories that capture the full process context.

Process parameters

Temperatures, pressure, vessel level, inlet, dosing flowrate

Equipment data

Vessel dimensions, condenser heat transfer, column configuration

Performance metrics

Energy consumption, solvent concentrates, material usage

Process data · historical batch

Data ingested and transformed on Basetwo

Reactor temp
Jacket temp
3 categories
process, equipment, performance
3 signals shown
temperature, pressure, level
One framework
for simulation and machine learning
04 · Modeling & simulation

A validated model was build and compared against historical data.

A hybrid digital twin was deployed for solvent swap distillation

A first-principles simulation of the reactor and condenser is combined with embedded machine learning. The hybrid model ensures accuracy even when data is sparse, kinetics are unknown, or the process behaves nonlinearly.

Model validation · unseen batch

Predicted vs. actual vessel temperature

Actual
Predicted
Validated on
Unseen batch runs
Inputs
Composition · dosing · jacket
Outputs
Temp · energy · distillate
0 · Strategies

Three strategies to determine a SOP.

Developing an optimized SOP with the validated digital twin

A first-principles simulation of the reactor and condenser is combined with embedded machine learning. The hybrid model ensures accuracy even when data is sparse, kinetics are unknown, or the process behaves nonlinearly.

01   Soft sensor

The digital twin acts as a virtual sensor, predicting distillate concentration in real time. Operators see when the target solvent composition is reached, without changing the existing procedure.

Solvent swap distillation

02   AI-optimized SOP

The optimizer adjusts setpoints within ±30% of the existing protocol at each step, finding better control schedules while staying inside engineering constraints.

This was the chosen strategy.

Solvent swap distillation

03   AI-generated SOP

The optimizer creates entirely new control schedules within predefined limits, simulating hundreds of operating trajectories to find the optimal strategy.

Solvent swap distillation
06 · Results

44% lower process costs with an AI-optimized SOP

The global pharmacuetical manufacturer chose the strategy with the fewest changes to the existing protocol and reduced cycle time, solvent, and energy.

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−44%
Batch cycle time
AI-optimized SOP vs. the current protocol
−47%
Material consumption
less solvent dosed per batch
-25%
Energy usage
from improved heating and dosing schedules
07 · The application

Walk the application the team actually ran

The dashboard the team used, from process data to virtual scale-up.

Solvent swap distillation dashboard
Full write-up

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FAQ

Common Questions

What data does a solvent swap digital twin need?

Process parameters (temperatures, pressure, vessel level, inlet dosing flowrate), equipment data (vessel dimensions, condenser heat transfer, distillation column configuration), and performance metrics (energy consumption, solvent concentrates, material usage).

How accurate are the model predictions?

Validated against historical batches, the hybrid digital twin was highly accurate, predicting key quality attributes with a mean absolute percentage error below 10%.

How does virtual experimentation help scale-up?

Instead of trial batches on production equipment, the experiments can be done virtually using a digital twin model that's validated against your historical data. It can measure the effects of your experiments on quality attributes like viscosity and PSD, virtually.

Can you reuse a digital twin for more than one scale-up exercise?

Yes, once you have a validated digital twin of your process you can use it to scale up across multiple formulations or equipments.

Every prediction is traceable to the dataset and parameters behind it, so results can be reviewed and documented within a QbD framework. Talk to us about your validation requirements.

From months of trial batches
to answers in an afternoon.

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